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Admiral of the Fleet James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier (13 October 1756 – 19 April 1833) was a Royal Navy officer. After seeing action at the capture of Charleston during the American Revolutionary War, he saw action again, as captain of the third-rate , at the battle of the Glorious First of June in 1794, during the French Revolutionary Wars, gaining the distinction of commanding the first ship to break through the enemy line. Gambier went on to be a Lord Commissioner of the Admiralty and then served as Governor of Newfoundland. Together with General Lord Cathcart, he oversaw the bombardment of Copenhagen during the Napoleonic Wars. He later survived an accusation of cowardice for his alleged inaction at the Battle of the Basque Roads. ==Early career== Born the second son of John Gambier, the Lieutenant Governor of the Bahamas and Deborah Stiles, a Bermudian, Gambier was brought up in England by an aunt.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier )〕 He was a nephew of Vice-Admiral James Gambier and of Admiral Lord Barham〔Tracy, 2006, p.148〕 and became an uncle of the novelist and travel writer Georgiana Chatterton.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Chatterton, Henrietta Georgiana Marcia Lascelles, Lady Chatterton )〕 Gambier entered the Navy in 1767 as a midshipman on board the third-rate , commanded by his uncle, which was serving as a guardship in the Medway, and followed him to serve on board the 60-gun fourth-rate in 1769 where he served on the North American Station. He transferred to the 50-gun fourth-rate under Rear Admiral Parry, in 1772, in the Leeward Islands. Gambier was placed on the sloop and was then posted to England to serve on the 74-gun third-rate , a guardship at Spithead.〔 He was commissioned as a lieutenant on 12 February 1777, in which rank he served in a successively in the sloop , the 24-gun frigate , the third-rate under Vice-Admiral Lord Shuldham, and then in under his uncle's flag. Lord Howe promoted Gambier to commander on 9 March 1778 and gave him command of the bomb ship , which was promptly dismasted and surrendered to the French.〔Heathcote, p.94〕 He was taken prisoner for a short period and, after having been exchanged, he was made a post captain on 9 October 1778 and appointed to the 32-gun fifth-rate HMS ''Raleigh'' and saw action at the capture of Charleston in May 1780 during the American Revolutionary War.〔 He was appointed commander of fifth-rate , cruising in British waters, later in the year.〔Tracy, N, 2006, p. 149〕 In 1783, at the end of the War, he was placed on half-pay.〔 In February 1793 following the start of the French Revolutionary Wars, Gambier was appointed to command the 74-gun third-rate under Lord Howe. By faith an evangelical, he was regarded as an intensely religious man, nicknamed ''Dismal Jimmy'', by the men under his command.〔 As captain of the ''Defence'' Gambier saw action at the battle of the Glorious First of June in 1794, gaining the distinction of commanding the first ship to break through the enemy line and subsequently receiving the Naval Gold Medal.〔Heathcote, p.95〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「James Gambier, 1st Baron Gambier」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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